The Academic Writing Processes Is The Second Strategy For...

One of the academic writing processes is pre-writing. Pre-writing has two strategies; one of the strategies is invention strategies. The invention strategies is an organizer that presents strategies for â€Å"inventing† ideas or details that may be organized and developed in an essay or in a writing form. An example is brainstorming; this technique is the process of rapidly listing or developing information about a topic. As you brainstorm the ideas, do not worry whether they are bad or good. Another example is clustering; this is a way of mapping out ideas to show their relationship. Write the topic in the center of the page, think of details that can relate to the topic and connect the details around the topic with lines. Organization strategy is the second strategy for pre-writing. Once you have used the invention strategies to develop the ideas about your topic, you may need to use a different set of organizers to help organize those ideas. In the organization strategy, t here are two organizations one of them is graphic organizers. This style visualizes the ideas and their relationships to another. An example of graphic organizers is a Venn diagram; which is used to make comparisons. The other organization is formal outline; this is an organization of information or ideas that can be used for writing a draft. It is important that logical order is used when using an outline and also items should be closely related, and placed together for a more natural flow of ideas.Show MoreRelatedManipulating Mind-Mapping Software to Develop Essay Writing1665 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiences through writing. He mentions that ancient people were fond of writing stories, events, habits, or situations related to them on the walls of caves and temples. It could be said that it is a natural human desire and tendency toward drawing shapes and lines on some materials surfaces. One can observe that young children are driven to leave written marks with pens, pencils, m arkers, pieces of coal, or even lipsticks on walls, furniture, or bathrooms. Academically speaking, writing is one of theRead MoreCognition And Teaching L2 And L21161 Words   |  5 PagesCognition and Teaching L1 and L2 Composition Academic writing is believed to be cognitively complex. Cognitive models have tended to define students’ writing in terms of problem-solving (cf. McCutchen, Teske, Bankston, 2008), and problem-solving has been conceptualized in terms of information processing. The contemporary cognitive process in composition is heavily influenced by Flower and Hayes(1981)’s Cognitive Process Model, which advocates for the evaluation of text in terms of the underlyingRead MoreStudents With Disabilities : Instructional Practices For Literacy Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pageseducation curriculum cannot meet on its own. However, there is abundant research that discusses various literacy interventions and strategies that can be effective. These interventions can be used in a school setting by any certified teacher (regular education or special education). This literature review will discuss some of the various reading and writing strategies as well as best practices for literacy in order t o ensure students with disabilities are given the best chance for success. By providingRead MoreTeaching As A Teacher And Student Work1252 Words   |  6 Pagesactivities for the ELL students. Teachers should know their students cultural background and their academic level of the students. The teacher should demonstrate the learning actions, sharing your thinking processes aloud, and showing good teacher and student work samples. Teachers should speak slowly and clearly, and provide students with enough time to formulate their responses, whether in speaking or in writing. 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Educators nationwide are raving about the success and results(being seen) with the REWARDS program. It is a short-term intervention that results in long-term literacy achievement. The REWARDS reading program is a research-based and validated reading and writing p rogram. The REWARDS programRead MoreCurrent State Of Instruction For Students868 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to address the current state of instruction for students who are acquiring English as a second language and demonstrate appropriate instructional supports that will aid English Language Learners, ELLs, to succeed in the classroom. We begin by identifying the student participant, the demographics of the community, school, and classroom, the methodology of the case study, and limitations. We will then analyze findings based on interviews, student work, and observationsRead MoreDespite Being One Of The Most Common Disabilties, Those1690 Words   |  7 Pagesfailing on it the next day (Smith et al, 2016). Definition, Identification, and Characteristics Specific learning disability is defined by Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) as â€Å"disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language, spoken or written [that] may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations† (Turnbull et al., 2016, p. 104). However, a student isRead MoreMs. Rhonda Baker2543 Words   |  11 PagesLesson Planning in the SIOP Model: Promoting Second Language Acquisition Rhonda Baker Grand Canyon University ESL-523N July 27, 2011 Lesson Planning in the SIOP Model: Promoting Second Language Acquisition Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP), is a high quality instruction model, that guides teachers of English Language Learners (ELL) in providing well planed lessons, to enable students to be successful in second language acquisition. The SIOP is research-basedRead MoreSheltered Instruction Observation Protocol Essay3148 Words   |  13 Pagesdegree of implementation of important sheltered instruction features in ESL lessons (Echevarria et al., 2006), SIOP has become an instructional model for English language learners (ELLs) that focuses on the simultaneous teaching and learning of academic content and language (Vogt Echevarria, 2008). This paper will examine the reasons SIOP was developed, the basics of the SIOP model including ideas for classroom integration, and the benefits of using SIOP instruction with ELLs. Why was SIOP developed

Human Security and Cyber Security

Question: Discuss about the Human Security and Cyber Security. Answer: 1. Many governments have taken steps together, over a past few decades, to draw a different range of institutions, functions and objectives under the view of national security. This drift is driven by two simple ideas, firstly, citizens and countries face many types of security threats and there is a need to take such threats seriously and give them priority. Secondly, government has many types of policies formulated that will help in the management of security threats. Hence, Governments should take appropriate steps to curb the national threats under the idea of National Security Strategy (Adger et al. 2014). This conceptual question draws a particular attention to human security as the first and most appropriate referent object among others that comprise security, because human security has basic elements to stop severe and escalation of threats. The thought of human security involves a revised identification of measures, instruments and activities. In recent times, the relevant responses to threat include protection of persons in a way that would lead to their empowerment and increase their strength in such a way that gives them the ability to avoid insecure situations. Retention of security and to reestablish compromised security is one of the greatest strength of human protection. Comprised human security means the incapability of human beings to be able to develop themselves and disability to keep them safe and secure. There is no coincidence that this idea was emergent in the years after the Cold War. For even more than forty years, there was one threat perception that overpowered the security issue. The policy instruments that supported the threat perceptions were intelligence forces and armed forces. Since the passage of this era, the voters, the policy makers and the governments were working on improving the threat exceptions and by this time people realized the need of protecting their security that was constantly at risk especially at the time of wars (Amar 2013). The word security can be understood under the light of two problems; firstly, it is applicable to so many things and secondly by applying it to certain things a lot of difference is created as to how we approach it (Adger et al. 2014). However, the word security can cover many things in its broadest sense, and it may include many threats ranging from individual wellbeing to economic wellbeing, interpersonal relationships and a sense of self realization and threats that are associated as part of a society. Therefore, security from a national point of view shall cover many security issues, which pose threat to the social, economic and cultural well being of the nation (Pietsch 2010). However, this only focuses on the threat in which the state is involved. If this question is seen from an opposite direction then it may be concluded that national security of the state is concerned with the individuals in it. This has become a very important factor in the recent decades especially in the development of the concept of human security. Hence, we may say that the most appropriate referent object of security in 21st century is human security (Kaldor, Martin and Selchow 2016). In the year 1990, the term human security was seen as a concept of social welfare of the people, however, as years passed by the meaning of the term was widened and the term included many other factors, such as the economic welfare, psychological welfare and social welfare of the people. The advocates who support the concept of human security have held that if the government focuses on improving the health, economy and social security of an individual then automatically his human security will improve (Chandler 2013). For example, at the time of the Asian Financial Crisis, 1998, the human security of individuals automatically came increased when the social and economic life of people improved. Hence, the overall human security has a lot to do with the health, social and economic improvement of persons. According to Liotta, the national and state security is interconnected with each other in many ways (Paris 2001). Many countries such as Canada see human rights security as part of hum an security. This is a recent notion that is adopted by the developed countries and is in fact the correct notion that should be adopted as part of human security (Adger et al. 2014). The hysteria of the refugees that took place in the United States brought heavy focus on the security after the attacks that took place in Paris and an increasing anti immigration attitude in Europe. This hibernation drift drew the attention of many refugee campaigns that held the view that there is a need to extend the idea of security from merely restricting it to military power of the nation. Security is no longer a product of military or armed forces that prevail in a country and there is much more associated with it in the recent decades (White 2012). Security should be considered and viewed from the angle of expansion and protection of human rights. Hence, the term human security can be understood to include the ideologies of conflict prevention, crisis management and civil military coordination. However, there may be many ideas associated with the concept of human security and this may include responsibility to protect, effective multilateralism and human development. The poin t to keep in mind is that threats are avoided or neutralized simply by protecting people from wars, genocide, radicalization, and tyrannies. The implication of providing protection is the instant avoidance of refugee crisis, challenge of peace and stability of the region, stop terrorism which is seems to be first step of securing interests. Based on the discussion that is stated above in favor of human security, the question that arises here is what is the advantage of human security paradigm and why is it the best security than any other security? If we highlight the importance of human security as a tool then it may have may have many uses, but one clear advantage of human security is the ability to highlight the complexity of a problem that leads to conflicts. This can be understood if one briefly understands the meaning and notion of culture and how this is associated with human security. Culture means a group of people who share similar values and beliefs. People have the tendency to mobilize and socialize with people having similar culture and beliefs and this in turn will allow creation of human security amongst them. This is where human security is regarded as a very helpful conceptual tool (Chandler 2013). As per UN defines human security and its elements, I can say that when group of people are denied those ba sic elements will be focused to react in ways that challenges the world stability in terms of security, economy and socialization. Example, Syrian crisis has been evident to have challenged the regions security, refugees crisis to Europe. Human security is most appropriate object of security because other objects are affected when it is challenged. Conclusively, it may be stated that human security helps an individual to nurture their social and mental well-being. The success of a countrys national security can be best understood and achieved by valuing the human security more than other objects of security. Nations are comprised of humans and individuals and if each of them is secured at their personal level, the growth and prosperity of the nations interests will automatically increase. This human security objectshould be appreciated as first step to providing security to all other means that the states value as their interests. 2. The use of internet all over the world has solved many issues and now it seems to be the promising thing for everyone and everything. From the perspective of global business, it lowers the cost of production while increasing innovation, effectiveness and invention. For many poor and rich countries, the internet has helped in the expansion of markets by providing a wider range of products and services. For people who are repressed, internet provides an outlet and inlet of expression. For communities that are large and small, the internet helps in enabling control over sewage systems, transportation and critical power (Mach 2014). However, as part of the community, we should not forget that internet give offers to terrorists, criminals and wrongdoers to commit wrong in the community by cheating, stealing and striking. While the ability to use the same medium for a positive use there is an associated risk that hampers the security of the nation and with the use of a high tech internet service, the security of the nation can be under threat. The 9/11 commission is a prime example of the misuse of technology and how internet can help the terrorists in the commission of crime. Thus, based on internet issues our future remains uncertain and unclear (Schirch 2013). One cannot devoid the use of internet, as the nations success in terms of economy, health and welfare depends mostly on the use of internet. However, the question that should be considered is whether the enemies can operate our nations system and make use of the services and information contained in them. Unfortunately, there is no clear answer to this question, and the future of the answer to this question shall remain unknown (Langer 2011). Therefore, it is difficult for the nations stakeholders, leaders and policy makers to ensure the people with the fact that the data of the nation remains completely untouched and unknown by outside resources. No guarantee can be provided regarding the adulteration of information and data. We are aware of the fact that cyber exploitation is increasing at a very high level and shall continue to grow knowing the dependency of the nation on the internet systems. Many professionals and academic researchers have identified the risks that are associate d with cyber security and are working on the risk management (Chang 2014). It is a difficult notion to develop a national plan for the protection of cyber threats. The National Cyber Study Group (NCSG) initiated such plans in the past. This body had taken the responsibility to provide protection to those nations who are at a very high risk of cyber threat. It was observed that there are end number of plans and actions that were developed for the protection of cyber threats however, at every level the security measures is seen to be failing and falling. A model was developed by the NCSG for the breakdown of the cyber security strategies comprised of three components Computer Network Operations, Computer Network Defense and Computer Network Exploitation. However, this model brown down very quickly and easily and the NCSG realized it soon that there is a need for the implementation of the policies that are made for cyber security. One might think that it is important to identify the threat to break it down and this can be regarded as a correct approach that c an be divided into three categories: terrorists, criminals and nation states (Tor 2015). If nations have proper defined branches for the functioning of the cyber policies then terrorist and criminal activity may be curbed. In cyberspace, the threat agents are the hackers, terrorist and criminals. The victims that are the threat vectors of such actions are also diversified. The threat actors may be involved in stealing the identity of the persons to commit fraud. In many cases, the victims are institutions and states who suffer due to stealing of identity of the crime perpetrators (Kuehn 2014). The unclear nature of national security in cyberspace has contributed to the debate about the extent of national security within the area of studies related to studies. On one side the studies related to security study focus on the ideologies of neo realists. Stephen Walt developed the ideology of neo realist. According to Walt (1991), the focus of studies related to security is related to the phenomenon of war. The supporters of the theory of neo realists state, that the security measures related to cyber crime should pertain to the impact that cyber attacks have on nations and the military capability of the nat ion to deter such criminal actions (Anand 2012). There has been an opposition to this theory by many researchers, and according to them the study of cyber security has something to do more than the just the military power of the nation. For example, they recognize security not only from the perspective of having appropriate military powers but also include actors such as states, communities and people (Singer, Peter and Friedman 2014). A weak social political cohesion shall be regarded as one of the most vulnerable threats to the security of the nation at all levels and from all sectors. When nations contain resources that are valuable in the eyes of others then that shall be regarded as one of the most vulnerable nation for a cyber threat crime (Anand 2012). This essay contained a brief discussion on the threats that are associated in cyberspace and how it can influence the nations security. Regarding the issues that are related to the national security, many perspectives shall be studied. This essay has discussed in brief about the ways in which cyber crimes should be deterred and prohibited and what appropriate steps are required to take for the restriction of such an application of threats. However, the concern related to the security of the nation from the perspective of cyber crime remains unclear and unsolved mystery. It is therefore advisable for the nations to create a more stringent set of laws for the protection of the nation from cyber threats. References: Adger, W. Neil, Juan M. Pulhin, Jon Barnett, Geoffrey D. Dabelko, Grete K. Hovelsrud, Marc Levy, . Oswald Spring, and Coleen H. Vogel. "Human security." (2014). Amar, Paul.The Security Archipelago: human-security States, sexuality politics, and the end of neoliberalism. Duke University Press, 2013. Amundson, Ronald, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, Jan W. Hopmans, Carolyn Olson, A. Ester Sztein, and Donald L. Sparks. "Soil and human security in the 21st century."Science348, no. 6235 (2015): 1261071. Anand, Sudhir. "Human security and universal health insurance."The Lancet379, no. 9810 (2012): 9-10. Benedek, Wolfgang, Christopher Daase, Vojin Dimitrijevic, Petrus van Duyne, and Petrus van Duyne, eds.Transnational terrorism, organized crime and peace-building: human security in the Western Balkans. Springer, 2016. Chandler, David C.Freedom vs necessity in international relations: human-centred approaches to security and development. Zed Books, 2013. Chandler, David. "Resilience and human security: The post-interventionist paradigm."Security Dialogue43, no. 3 (2012): 213-229. Johns, Luke, Huong Le Thu, Roland Benedikter, Stefanie Kam, Claire Duncanson, David Morgan, Daniel Golebiewski et al. "A Critical Evaluation of the Concept of Human Security."Canterbury: University of Kent(2014). Kaldor, Mary, Mary Martin, and Sabine Selchow. 2016. "Human Security: A New Strategic Narrative For Europe". International Affairs 83 (2): 273-288. Mach, K., and M. Mastrandrea.Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Vol. 1. Cambridge, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Martin, Mary, and Taylor Owen.Routledge handbook of human security. Routledge, 2013. Paris, Roland. 2001. "Human Security: Human Paradigm Of Hot Air?". International Security Volume 26 (Issue 2): 87 - 102. Pietsch, Juliet. 2010. "Human Security In Australia: Public Interest And Political Consequences". Australian Journal Of International Affairs 64 (2): 225- 244. doi:10.1080/10357710903544361. Reardon, Betty A. "Women and human security: A feminist framework and critique of the prevailing patriarchal security system." InBetty A. Reardon: Key Texts in Gender and Peace, pp. 109-128. Springer International Publishing, 2015. Schirch, Lisa.Conflict assessment and peacebuilding planning: toward a participatory approach to human security. Boulder and London: Kumarian Press, 2013. Tripp, Aili Mari, Myra Marx Ferree, and Christina Ewig, eds.Gender, Violence, and Human Security: critical feminist perspectives. NYU Press, 2013. White, Hugh. 2012. "The Idea Of National Security: What Use Is It To Policymakers?". National Security College Occasional Paper, 10 - 20. "Cybersecurity Strategy: A Primer For Policy Makers And Those On The Front Line". 2016. JOURNAL OF NATIONAL SECURITY LAW POLICY 4 (27): 29 - 32. https://heinonline.org/HOL/License. Chang, Amy. 2014. "China's Cybersecurity Strategy". Warring State, 27 - 32. Kuehn, Andreas.Extending cybersecurity, securing private internet infrastructure: The US Einstein Program and its Implications for Internet Governance. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. Langer, Ralph. 2011. "Stuxnet: Dissecting A Cyberwarfare Weapon". Focus, 49 - 51. Singer, Peter W., and Allan Friedman.Cybersecurity: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford University Press, 2014. Tor, Uri. 2015. "Cumulative Deterrence As A New Paradigm For Cyber Deterrence". Journal Of Strategic Studies 19 (38): 15 - 19. doi:10.1080/01402390.2015.1115975.

10 Fun Facts About UVA

1. James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and James Monroe all lived in Charlottesville. 2. Parts of Evan Almighty were filmed in Charlottesvilles surrounding areas!3. Edgar Allen Poe briefly attended UVA.4. Dr. Seuss was denied admittance to UVA. Rumor has it the name for the fictional town of Whoville was a pun off the Universitys nickname, Hoos5. UVA doesn’t refer to students as freshmen, sophomores, ect, but rather first-years, second-years and so on. 6. Number 5 is due to the fact that Thomas Jefferson, the school’s founder, believed that one never stops learning and that student’s education at UVA is just the beginning.7. The first class to accept women was the class of 1970. 8. Many refer to the campus as grounds. 9. The official mascot for UVA is the cavaliers, but they unofficially adopted the Wahoos, a fish that can drink its weight in water, as their second mascot. While it was originally shouted as an insult by an opposing school at a football game, the students at UVA instead adopted the name. 10. Both Tina Fey and Katie Couric went to UVA. If youre interested in applying to UVA, see all of our admitted studentshere! If youre already a student, make sure to sign up and upload your application materials to earn money.

Groundwater Pollution in Bangladesh Essays

Groundwater Pollution in Bangladesh Essays Groundwater Pollution in Bangladesh Paper Groundwater Pollution in Bangladesh Paper 900 parcels of land each year. Contamination can occur from improper land-disposal techniques. Storage and Handling of Materials and Wastes Groundwater contamination as the result of storage and handling of materials includes leaks from both above-ground and underground storage tanks, as well as unintentional spills or poor housekeeping practices in the handling and transferring of materials on industrial and commercial sites. Aging underground Storage Tanks Possibly as many as 7 million steel tanks are used to store petroleum products, acids, chemicals, industrial solvents and other types of waste underground. The potential of these tanks to leak increases with age. About 20 percent of existing steel tanks are more than 16 years old, and estimates f the total number that presently leak petroleum products range from 25 to 30 percent. Underground storage tanks appear to be a leading source of benzene, toluene and Selene contami nants, all of which are organic compounds in diesel and gasoline fuels. Transporting and Stockpiling Many materials and wastes are transported and then temporarily stored in stockpiles before being used or shipped elsewhere. Precipitation can lea potential contaminants from such stockpile; storage containers can eroded and leak; and accidental spills mean occur as many as 10,000 to 16,000 per year, according to EPA estimates. Mining Practices Mining of coal, uranium and other substances and the related mine spoil can lead to groundwater contamination in several ways: * Shafts and tunnels can intersect aquifers. * Exposing coal to oxygen can form sulfuric acid, which can degrade water * Contaminants from tailings can leach into groundwater. Oil-Well quality. Bribes Since the asses, hundreds of thousands of exploratory and production wells have been drilled for oil and gas in the United States. During production, Oil wells produce bribes that are separated from the oil and stored in surface impoundments. EPA estimates that 1 25, 100 brine-disposal impoundments exist that might affect local groundwater supplies. Agricultural Activities Agriculture is one of the most widespread human activities that affects the quality of groundwater. In 1987, about 330 million acres were used for growing crops in the united States, of which 45 million acres were irrigated. Fertilizers During the 1 9605 and asses, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer use steadily increased to a peak of 23 million tons in 1981. By 1987, however, fertilizer use had declined to 19. Million tons, reflecting the large number of acres withdrawn from production as part of the Conservation Reserve Program and other government programs. If nitrogen supply exceeds nitrogen uptake by crops, excess nitrogen mean be leached to groundwater. In such areas, local nitrate-nitrogen concentrations may exceed the federa l drinking water standard of 10 MGM/L Pesticides Pesticides have been used since the asses to combat a variety of agricultural pests. Between 1 964 and 1 982, the amount of active ingredients applied to croplands increased 1 70 percent. Herbicide usage peaked in 1982, and since then has declined from about 500 million pounds of active ingredients per year to about 430 million pounds in 1987. In addition to crop applications, infiltration of spilled pesticides can cause contamination in locations where pesticides are stored, and where sprayers and other equipment used to apply pesticides are loaded and washed. Pesticides most frequently detected in groundwater are the fumigants ethylene debrief (DB) and 1 disproportional; the insecticides Aldrich, carbons and chlordane; and the herbicides alcohol and trainee. Feedlots Feedlots confine livestock and poultry and create problems of animal-waste disposal. Feedlot wastes often are collected in impoundments from which they might infiltrate to groundwater and raise nitrate concentrations. Runoff room farmyards may also directly enter an aquifer along the outside of a poorly sealed well easing. Irrigation Percolation of irrigation water into soils dissolves soil salts and transports them downward. Photoengravings of applied water from the root zone concentrates salts in the soil and increases the salt load to the groundwater. Checkmating, the practice of mixing and distributing pesticides and fertilizers with irrigation water, may cause contamination if more chemicals are applied than crops can use. It may also cause local contamination if chemicals back- siphon from the holding tank directly into the aquifer through an irrigation ell. Saline Water Intrusion The encroachment of saline water into the freshwater part of an aquifer is an ever-present threat when water supplies are developed from the highly productive coastal plain aquifers of the United States, or from aquifers underlain by saline water in the interior of the country. Local incidents Of saline water intrusion have occurred on all coasts of the United States. How Extensive is Groundwater Contamination Assessment of the extent of groundwater contamination is difficult, due to such factors as limited and inconsistent access to the water (usually pendent on wells and springs); the potential for bias in existing data (if originally collected to explore a particular water quality problem); incomplete information about the well (did the well draw from more than one aquifer? ; and inconsistent methods of sampling and analysis. It is also important to keep in mind that the trend of increasing reports of detections of contaminants in groundwater is largely due to the intensive search for contaminants now under way by many state agencies, as well as continued improvements in the sensitivity of analytical methods used to measure the concentration Of contaminants. The volume Of groundwater within 2500 feet of the surface has been estimated at 100 quadrillion gallons, or about 16 times the volume of the Great Lakes. Of this amount, at least half is too saline from natural causes to use for drinking water, although some of it may be suitable for other uses. The total amount of the remaining groundwater that is contaminated is unknown, although EPA estimates the amount contaminated by point sources to be 2-3 percent. Recent U. S. Geological Sunny studies have made the following assessments: * The United States has large amounts of potable water available for use. Locally, however, high concentrations of a variety of toxic metals, organic chemicals and petroleum products form plumes around such point sources as leaking underground storage tanks, waste disposal sites and chemical or waste handling areas. These types of problems generally occur in urban or industrialized areas, although they are found occasionally in rural areas. Large regions have been identified in which contaminants, derived from Nippon sources and often at minimum detectable levels, are present in many shallow wells throughout a given area. In a small percentage of wells, such contaminants as titrate may exceed drinking water standards or health advisories. Generally, s uch Nippon source contamination is associated with densely populated urban areas, agricultural land uses and concentrations of septic systems. Furthermore, such contamination commonly affects only the shallowest aquifers. * 20 percent of 124,000 wells sampled over the past 25 years contained a maximum nitrate-nitrogen concentration greater than 3 MGM/L, suggesting the effects of human activities. 6 percent of the samples exceeded the federal drinking water standard for nitrate-nitrogen of 10 MGM/L. Although 44 state summaries in the U. S. Geological Surreys 1 986 National Water Summary on groundwater quality mention detection of pesticides in groundwater, data are insufficient to draw conclusions about the extent of contamination. The state summaries do, however, express widespread concern that the frequency of detections and the concentrations of pesticides will increase over time. The U. S. EPA has compiled reports on the occurrence of 46 pesticides in groundwater. In 26 states, o ne or more pesticides have been tweeted in groundwater that mean be attributed to normal agricultural use. The most commonly detected pesticides are trainee and Aldrich. EPA currently is conducting its National Pesticide Survey to provide a nationwide estimate of the occurrence of pesticides in drinking water wells. The survey includes the collection of water samples from a statistically representative sample of community water system wells (600) and private wells (750). Interim results show that 6 of 180 community well samples collected thus far and 9 of 115 private well samples had detectable pesticide residues. Of the 15 wells that had detectable levels of pesticides,3 had concentrations that exceeded lifetime health advisory levels established by EPA. Of 295 wells ample thus far, samples from 8 wells had nitrate-nitrogen concentrations that exceeded the 10 MGM/L drinking water standard. All 8 samples were from private wells. Statistically reliable estimates of the percentage of wells contaminated will be available when the survey results are released in late 1990. Summary: How Contaminated is Groundwater? Although little systematic information exists on the extent and severity of groundwater contamination, available evidence suggests that * The shallowest aquifers generally are at greatest risk of contamination, especially those where the overlying unsaturated zone is thin and permeable. Contamination of shallow aquifers by nitrates and synthetic organic chemicals is widespread in many areas; * Shallow groundwater contamination can be related to land use. * As yet, deeper as fifers, which commonly are used for public drinking water supplies, are relatively free from contamination. Additional reports of groundwater contamination may be expected in the coming years, as federal, state and local agencies expand their groundwater quality monitoring programs using sophisticated analytical methods that can measure very small concentrations of contaminants. Groundwater moves very slowly, and it may be years after remedial actions re taken before improvements in water quality are obsessed. For this reason, the enhancement of the quality of the nation s groundwater requires a long- term commitment. More definitive assessments of groundwater quality will have to await the expansion of data-collection programs, the use of standard sampling and analytical procedures, research on the health risks associated with long-term exposure to very small concentrations of contaminants, and improvements in the computer models used to predict contaminant behavior.

HEART DIESAES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HEART DIESAES - Essay Example Types of heart diseases Coronary heart disease is a condition in which the coronary blood vessels increasingly become unable to supply sufficient blood and oxygen due to a blockage caused by plague deposits (Gregson 2001, p.16); eventually, this results in a reduced supply of blood and oxygen to the heart. In addition to that, the Coronary heart disease results in intense chest pains, angina, and could eventually trigger a heart attack or devastating injury to the heart muscle. In this regard, common symptoms for coronary heart diseases include angina, pressure on the chest and other places such as arms, neck, back and jaws, in addition to a fatalistic shortness of breath (Chenzbraun 2010, p.9). Well-determined risk factors for the Coronary heart disease include cigarette smoking, hypertension, alcoholism, diabetes, and obesity, in addition to family history, stress, lack of adequate exercise, and hyperlipidemia. The treatments for Coronary heart disease include lifestyle changes suc h as smoking and alcohol cessation, medications such as statins, nitroglycerin, and aspirin, which lowers risk of recurrence (Pampel and Pauley 2004, p.57); in addition, other treatments available are surgical operations such as the coronary artery bypass or heart transplant and non-surgical operations such as the coronary angioplasty using stents. Angina pectoris is a warning sign for heart attack; also known as angina, it is a medical term for the chest pain that follows insufficient supply of blood to the heart. There are different types of angina, with different intervals of pain ranging from just a few seconds to several minutes, and each one of them has different causes and risk factors as well. For instance, stable angina presents with chest discomfort and allied symptoms triggered by some activity such as running but minimal or non-existent at rest or with medication, while unstable angina is very severe and occurs with minimal exertion, with a crescendo pattern, Micro-vascu lar angina presents with chest pains too, but unlike the other two, its causes are unknown. Common symptoms of angina pectoris include chest discomfort, a sort of pressure or heaviness sensation, in addition to referred pains in such areas as the upper central abdomen section, including the back, neck, jaws, or shoulders; some people may also present with autonomic symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and pallor. Major risk factors for angina pectoris include cigarette smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and an inactive lifestyle, in addition to family history of premature heart disease; the most common treatment for angina is nitro-glycerine, a potent vasodilator that supplies more oxygen to the heart muscle. Congestive heart failure denotes the condition whereby the heart becomes unable to supply a sufficient amount of blood to the rest of the body due to fatty plaques (Caldwell 2007, p.6), resulting in a reduced oxygen supply to the body tissues. Symptoms for heart failure include shor tness of breath, a swelling of the legs, and intolerance of exertion or exercise, while common causes of the condition include coronary artery disease, heart attack, cardiomyopathy, in addition to all other conditions that overwork the heart such as hypertension, valve, kidney and thyroid diseases, and diabetes.

Summary of chapter 28-emergence of the us-american history Term Paper

Summary of chapter 28-emergence of the us-american history - Term Paper Example He chose to eliminate the â€Å"missile gap† and to regain the lost communism ground. Yet even after all the efforts the result was not so good and the tension of Cold War was heightened. After John Kennedy, Johnson took the position and continued the work on two main issues: completion of New Frontier and struggle against communism. He worked on the domestic agenda especially in areas of reducing poverty, increasing support towards education, initiating welfare programs and a system development for health care of aged, yet after 1965 the effectiveness of this was reduced due to unfulfilled expectation. Angry voices were raised against all this and a decade ended with diminished expectations. The 1960s election campaign was between John F. Kennedy, a youthful, rigorous senator from Massachusetts and Richard M. Nixon. Both vowed towards improving the quality of life, supported civil right and to stand against communist threats. But Kennedy lacked experience which was one of the major drawbacks for him but still he won the election. Kennedy in his inaugural speech pledged to march against the common problem and did not highlight any specific plans. Moreover, he believed that society is willing to change and technology can help eliminate the problem therefore, he appointed those people for cabinet who had better know how in their fields. He wanted to take the nation on totally new path but it was difficult to achieve this as Congress members might not agree to it. By 1963 some of the demands were approved by Congress yet the issues such as civil rights, national health coverage, etc. were still in pipeline. The idea of New Frontier was during that period was only linked with growing economy and flights to moon and nothing more to it. But people were still hopeful and the blacks started believing that the fights in favor of civil rights need to begin on grass root level due to

Influence of celebrities X parents Essay Example for Free

Influence of celebrities X parents Essay Invasion of the celebrities in homes around the word have an impact in children life. Celebrities are everywhere. Media like television shows, Internet, and magazines make the presence of celebrities constant in daily live, and this presence result an influence under younger. Sometimes this impact agrees with parents’ values but sometimes diverges. While parents work hard to give a good education for their children, the widely spread of some celebrity behavior make a mess in younger minds. As well as parents, personalities have a meaningful presence in young lives. Appearing al the time celebrities concur with parents for children attention. Occasionally, teenagers prefer to be in front of television watching their favorite shows than spend time with family. In some cases, celebrities can have a positive influence under children. Teens might admire a disciplined athlete, a philanthropic actor and also they might be impressed by parents ethical conducts. It is known that misbehavior of celebrities is widely divulged, and adolescents that are exposed to these behaviors might change their comportment. Young usually follow the celebrities tends like hairstyles, clothing, and even ideal. Opinions and values may change and sometimes can go against the father and mother principles. Family usually teaches their successors what is right and wrong. However, celebrities behavior like the singer Justin Bieber, that get involved in a minor scuffle with paparazzo, may give to children an impression that it is normal, and also they may think that these conducts are acceptable by society. The disclosure of celebrity lives may make children mind sometimes resulting in a divergent values of their parents, in other perspective agree with parents education. The incessant presence of personalities involves the younger mind and leads boys and girls to change their behavior. Comportment example tends copied from children. The comportment can come from TV stars and parents. Depending the type of example, younger shift their thoughts to better, but maybe it can prompt in a behavior in opposite to their parents. Notably, as well parent celebrities easily influence children. For this  reason, parents cannot underestimate their power, and they have to assume the control of their children.